Taking Blood Pressure Measurement

Taking Blood Pressure Measurement Introduction One important lesson in medical education is how to measure the vital signs of life such as blood pressure. For one to understand how to perform this accurately, it requires attention to detail, correct technique and careful listening (Kier, Wise and Krebs, 2003). The term blood pressure is taken from the fluctuating pressure that blood applies against arterial walls as the heart alternately expands and contracts.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taking Blood Pressure Measurement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This pressure is useful in that it can be used to assess the condition of the heart, amount of blood forced out of the heart at contraction, condition of the arteries and to some extent the viscosity and volume of the blood (Kier, Wise and Krebs, 2003).  The blood pressure of an individual is measured in the brachial artery of the arm at the antecubital space (See Figure I). Initially measuremen t should be performed on both hands as there is normally a 5-10mm difference (Kier, Wise and Krebs, 2003). After this subsequent readings should be continued on the arm with higher pressure. The maintenance of blood pressure is mainly the result of two related factors. The first being the heart which is responsible for pumping blood round the human body. The human heart reportedly contracts almost 100,000 times daily forcing blood through the aorta and the entire range of blood vessels (Kier, Wise and Krebs, 2003). A strong pump is essential to make sure that the blood flows and the pressure does not drop. In this report a discussion will be presented on how to provide a computer mediated lesson to teach how to measure blood pressure to a group of students. In addition to this a suitable method of evaluation will be selected to assist the instructor assess how well the learners understood the topic. Also to be discussed in the report is the role and effectiveness of one authoring to ols that will be used in presenting the learning material to the learner’s. Method of Evaluation The purpose of evaluation of a learner is to establish whether what was taught has been understood (Reeves Hedberg, 2003). It is reported that the most important function of evaluation is review of what has been presented to the learner. It is hoped that through reviewing the highlights of what was learnt the learner can recap and develop a sound understanding of the concepts taught (Reeves Hedberg, 2003). Prior to taking an evaluation it is important that the learner review the text or the material that was used in instruction.  Another crucial but sometimes underutilized function of evaluation is needs assessment (Reeves Hedberg, 2003). In the case of taking blood pressure it may be crucial that a needs assessment form part of the evaluation process depending on at which stage the learners are in the course.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this case a practical needs assessment evaluation may need to be undertaken to ensure the learner is fully conversant with what is required to successfully carry out the blood pressure test. This would is sometimes known as a formative evaluation. A more detailed test may require a learner to carry out the actual tests and record results. Such an evaluation is more rigorous and may be classified as a formative evaluation. As indicated above the evaluation methods used can either be formative or summative. In the case where formative evaluation is used the goal of the teacher is to establish the progression of students towards meeting the learning goals. In this case this suggests progress in the class towards learning how to complete the test and its relevance (Oermann and Gaberson, 2009). On the other hand where summative evaluation is used the goal of the teacher will be to establish the student has com pleted the set of goals required within the rotation such as a term or semester (Oermann and Gaberson, 2009). This position shows clearly that the assessment will depend on the duration for which this task will be covered and whether it will be part of a set of tasks that are completed within a length of time. However, if the task is a one off affair a formative evaluation will be appropriate. This may include a brief set of questions to ascertain whether the learners were paying attention during the lecture. Some questions on what materials are required and the main points of how to take a blood pressure reading could form the evaluation. Instructional techniques In the selection of an appropriate instructional technique it is important to know when a specific instructional technique is best applied. Given that that this lesson will be computer mediated it appears a lecture will be the most suitable technique for providing the lesson or lessons. This is because lectures are best ap plicable to a lesson when the instructor intends to give an overview of a greater issue (Sharma, 2007). The lecture can be taken to e appropriate as it allows the instructor a longer time to discuss the issue at hand. As with the case of taking blood pressure a lecture or series of lectures is important as it will help put the issue into its correct perspective. As with any illness it is necessary to understand causes and possible circumstances to avoid. A lengthy discussion such as this would require ample time. In addition to time to speak the instructor can make use of the computer or information technology to make the lecture more interesting (Sharma, 2007). This is because a lecture is also useful when the instructor wants to aid or supplement student reading.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Taking Blood Pressure Measurement specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In such cases an instructor can ask the class to read on a specific topic and later prepare a brief lecture or series of lectures to expand on the materials that the learners covered in their individual reading.  A lecture is also useful when the instructor needs to provide the learner with background information on the topic. In such cases the learner will then be able to go about the study of the topic more intelligently (Sharma, 2007). Without an appropriate introduction it is sometimes impossible for a learner to determine how deep and wide to study the desired subject. However, for introductory purposes a lecture can be very appropriate.  Another reason why the lecture may be an appropriate mode of instruction is because the instructor may want to allow the students more time for in depth study or assignments or other tasks (Sharma, 2007). Given that this task was to be accomplished in a semester of a nursing course it is likely that the student would be required to handle some assignments after completing the lesson. It is no t uncommon for learners to be given tasks such as assignments to assist them gain deeper understanding (Sharma, 2007). In such a case therefore a lecture will be useful in acting as a suitable eye opener and providing descriptive boundaries to consider when doing further reading. A lecture can also be very useful when the instructor wants to arouse interest in the learner. Introducing a new and perhaps complex article is likely to be difficult and complicated. However, with the use of an interesting well arranged and presented lecture a student can be aroused and enticed to enjoy an otherwise difficult or complex topic (Sharma, 2007). In addition to the above the instructor may want to use the opportunity of a lecture to teach terms associated with the topic or clarify common misconceptions. Such occasions are best dealt with when the instructor opts to give an audible explanation. In addition to providing information this also acts as an opportunity to allow learners to ask questio ns about the topic. Learner Activities Since the subject matter in this case is related to medical studies we will use some information from medical studies to guide us in selection of learner activities. It has been reported that medical studies are best learnt when the learner s are motivated (Distlehorst, Dunnington and Folse, 2000). It has bee suggested that an interesting activity that may captivate the learner’s upon completion of the lecture is a practical opportunity to attempt to take the blood pressure and listen in on the different phases. Blood pressure phases are identical to the phases of the pulse and an opportunity to physically perform the examination should be fairly exciting to most of the students (Kier, Wise and Krebs, 2003).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition to that another activity that the learner’s can participate in where the course is being offered near a clinic is an arrangement to walk in at scheduled times and assist the nurses in performing the examination. This activity is thought to be useful as learning is thought to be efficient when there is feedback to the learner (Distlehorst, Dunnington and Folse, 2000). Such an opportunity is bound to be efficient as there is immediate feedback each time the student does something the right or wrong way. In addition to the above two the normal activities such as assignments may also be used to follow up on learning and even for evaluation of learning. Computer Mediated Learning Authoring Tool For the purposes of preparing a lecture or series of lectures on how to take blood pressure measurement a multimedia authoring tool such as PowerPoint may be used. Such tools allow the user to bring together various multimedia components to bring together a powerful presentation (See Figure I). For example on may incorporate pictures, audio and tables or charts and even video to make the presentation of a lecture very interesting (Stroman, Wilson Wauson, 2008). PowerPoint is typically called a slide show program and its main feature is it allows the preparation of a presentation one slide at a time or in a linear fashion. Each slide can allow the presenter to attach any of the multimedia content earlier mentioned and may allow some degree of branching (Stroman, Wilson Wauson, 2008). The software was selected because it is readily available and fairly easy to learn. References Distlehorst, L. H., Dunnington, G., Folse, J. R. (2000). Teaching and learning in medical and surgical education. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associated Inc. Keir, L., Wise, B. A., Krebs, C. (2003). Medical Assisting: Essentials of Administrative and Clinical Competencies. Ontario: Delmar Learning. Oermann, M. H., Gaberson, K. B. (2009). Evaluation and Testing in nursing educati on. New York: Springer Publishing Company, LLC. Reeves, T. C., Hedberg, J. G. (2003). Interactive Learning Systems Evaluation. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications, Inc. Sharma, T. C. (2007). Modern Methods of Teaching Social Studies. New Delhi: Sarup Sons. Stroman, J., Wilson, K., Wauson, J. (2008). Administrative Assistants and Secretary’s Handbook. New York. Amacom.

Learn How To Write A Perfect Thematic Essay

Learn How To Write A Perfect Thematic Essay How to Write the Best Thematic Essay Sometimes, students are scared when being assigned a thematic essay. But don’t worry; we are sure you’ve written tons of thematic essays already, they just were called differently, for example, analytical or research essay. However, a thematic essay is not the same as those ones, but sometimes professors do not give exact writing instructions. A thematic essay is an essay discussing a phenomenon, concept, or theme. Here you should use all the skills you mastered when writing previous essays. The skills you will need to write your thematic essay include writing in a well-organized manner, presenting evidence, and supporting your thesis. Thematic Essay Definition Sometimes, professors call any assignment on literature a thematic essay. And, very often teachers assign any essays revolving a certain subject or theme in any branch of life as thematic essays. Some professors think that a thematic essay can be written only about literary devices, i.e. you will have to create a thesis around metaphor, symbolism, or hyperbole, for example. Your task will be to take a motif in the literature and create a thesis around that motif. The motif can be different, for example, success, self-knowledge, lost love, etc. As you can see, the approaches of teachers to thematic essays are very different. One of such common topics is How does William Shakespeare use young love bloom to spread the tragedy seeds in Romeo and Juliet? And here is the example of a thesis on that topic: Mental superiority and infallibility of youth are consistently demonstrated by Shakespeare as means of creating the fundament for the later tragedy. You can select a motif or literary device typical for the text and craft an original thesis. Eventually, your task is to prove the thesis with the help of evidence from the text in a coordinated way. Nowadays, teachers assign more thematic essays not related to literature, they simply link thematic essays with various challenged in social human existence.   It means that you will have to do some deeper research. However, you should realize that the reader might not see the thematic essay issue in the same way as you do. That’s why make sure to provide very tight evidence. A thematic essay might require you to write about some very sensitive social problems, so make sure to use light and elegant words not to make your reader disagree with you. Be focused on your central argument at all times. Let’s Write a Thematic Essay Step By Step Choose the best topic to cover your thematic essay. It can be abusage in the workplace if you write about the exploitation of servants in Victorian England, for example. Select a quote, fact, joke, or statistic related to your best topic and create a hook. Link that topic to the narrower one and discuss it in two-three sentences. Provide the thesis. Write three separate topic sentences for each paragraph provided. For example: 1) The exploitation of servants was a means of participating in darker impulses for the wealthy. 2) The exploitation of servants was caused by poor patterns of communication and politeness of the elite society. 3) The exploitation of servants used the most vulnerable society members, and, thus, was opportunistic. Support each topic sentence by providing evidence from history and top sources. State your thesis again in a different manner. Use new vocabulary to recap the main points in a conclusive paragraph. Now the perspective has to be linked to a bigger social issue. Outline Some students don’t pay much attention to writing an outline while they consider it to be a waste of time. However, writing an outline will make everything clearer and will guide you through your essay. Outline Sample Introduction Interesting fact, joke, statistic, or quote which will be a hook. Up to three sentences relating specific theme. Statement of thesis: Second paragraph First topic sentence supporting the thesis. Evidence supporting that claim and explanation of its relevancy or efficiency. Third paragraph Second topic sentence supporting the thesis. Evidence supporting that claim and explanation of its relevancy or efficiency. Fourth paragraph Third topic sentence supporting the thesis. Evidence supporting that claim and explanation of its relevancy or efficiency. Conclusion Reiterate your thesis. Recall three primary points. Link a perspective to a greater picture of life, history, society, etc. issue. Introduction In order to write an introduction, you should complete several tasks at a time, so it might be a bit confusing. From the very first line, it’s necessary to capture the attention of the reader, present him a wider topic and take them to a more specific one. When your experience in writing essays is not that big, it might be tough. However, if you have troubles with writing an introduction, you can go to your thesis and get back to it later. You will find it much easier to write an introduction after you have finished your essay already. Body Paragraphs The body of your thematic essay requires you to think well and write the strongest topic sentences. In your body paragraphs, you should show you’re able to research, collect and organize evidence and make an analysis. Remember that each topic sentence is to be supported by evidence. Initially, topic paragraphs can be written in a certain order, but later, you can restructure them if it is needed. Yes, it happens that the third paragraph should be first eventually, or the first paragraph should become second. Once the essay is written, take your time and check the body paragraphs order again, while the flow of your ideas has to be nice and understandable. Conclusion Before writing a conclusion, take a break and refresh your mind. The reader should have a clear closure after all. In conclusion, it is necessary to remind your reader about the most important points of the essay and help him understand the general sense of its ending. Topics for Your Thematic Essay History How the Civil displayed progress versus tradition? How the seeds of the Great Depression were sowed by the Roaring Twenties? How the notion of brotherhood was undermined in the Civil War? Discuss how human beings created a royal class in modern times and antiquity. What is the role of religion in civilized nations? Human Rights Can we deny the Holocaust? What are the LGBT rights trends in America for the last decade? Discuss the civil rights movements. Nationalism The Neo-Nazi and the KKK movements. American Revolution and nationalism. Is there any connection between nuclear weaponry and nationalism? We Can Help A thematic essay is assigned to you to check if you can create an original essay using the concepts or trends around the events in history or a piece of literature.   It is a real challenge to brainstorm a thesis unconventionally. Sometimes it seems impossible to find the most proper evidence for your thesis. We get lots of request from students like you, who get stuck with their thematic essay, and we are here to help. Our top writers have created tons of thematic essays and they are always inspired to create a masterpiece for you. Our experts know exactly what teachers want from you and how they evaluate your works, so they will be able to write a perfect thematic essay for you! Conclusion Don’t be scared when you are assigned a thematic essay, while it is the same essay you have already mastered before. All you need to do it to create a more specific thesis around more precise trend or concept. Once you do that, write an essay using the same structure as for all the previous ones. Your main problem might be connected not with writing itself but with finding unique ideas to support your writing. It’s necessary to set your imagination free and think in some new directions for your essay to be unique and successful. And if you need professional help and support, you know where to find us!

Phase 3 Individual Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Phase 3 Individual Project - Essay Example l hearing of the case, from the beginning to its conclusion, and it identifies the various liberties the offender enjoys as provided in the 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th and 14th Amendments. From this analysis, the objective of this paper is to identify and explain the elements of the court system and the roles of various participants in the dispensation of justice. It seeks to differentiate the rules of procedure found in the 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th and 14th Amendments and thereafter identifies and explains the legal issues in the prosecution of the mentioned case. A procedure needs to be followed in initiating the prosecution of the offense. The American constitution uses the phrase in the 5th and 14th to denote that the government shall not take a person’s life or property without following the established laws and procedures. The 5th Amendment protects people from illegal actions of the Federal government and the 14th Amendment protects them from actions by the State and Local governments (Friedman, 1985). The first process in presenting a case against Jesse is to seek an arrest warrant from the superior court. This is an essential requirement of the United States of America Constitution. The prosecutor will present formal evidence to the judge that is legally sufficient and proves that Jesse committed the murder. The judge will examine the case and rule on whether the evidence is sufficient enough to warrant an arrest or the prosecution needs to produce more evidence. The implication of this hearing is that it either allows the prosecution to continue with the case or to drop the case. Once an approval is granted, Jesse will be arrested and brought before a judge to deny or admit the charges brought against him. This is called the arraignment stage. The judge will inform Jesse of the state’s accusation against him and determine whether Jesse should remain in prison or be granted bail. Under the 4th Amendment, the constitution guarantees protection of people against

1918 Flu Pandemic Brings Higher Fatalities than World War 1 Research Paper - 1

1918 Flu Pandemic Brings Higher Fatalities than World War 1 - Research Paper Example The third section investigates the public health and medical issues at the times of the outbreak. Medical response to the pandemic is investigated in the fourth section and finally, the lessons learned from the outbreak are discussed in the fifth and final section. According to CDC (2006), the 1918 flu pandemic killed 2% of the world’s human population because of lack of sufficient knowledge about the virus and ineffective medical response. The 1918 flu pandemic provides important lessons for effective monitoring and management of flu outbreaks. Flu pandemics are serious threat to human existence, because of viral antigenic drift that produces new variant strains in every two to three years (Michael, 1998). Introduction The world today remains under serious threat of influenza pandemics. The last ten years have been characterized by outbreak of flu in different parts of the world causing deaths and widespread panic. Although the scale of the recent flu outbreaks do not compare with 1918 pandemic in terms of infections and fatalities, it is evident that the world population remains highly vulnerable to the infection. The United States Department of Health and Human Services (2006) classifies influenza into three different categories. These include seasonal flu, avian flu and pandemic flu. Seasonal flu also called common flu is a respiratory infection that affects people frequently. Although there is a vaccine for seasonal flu, the immune system of most people is capable of fighting the infection. Bird or avian flu is a zoonotic infection transmitted from wild birds to human beings. The H5NI virus that causes avian flu is extremely infectious and fatal to domestic birds. The main medical concern of the avian flu is that currently, there is no effective vaccine against the infection and people do not have immunity. Finally, pandemic flu is highly infectious ailment affecting human beings and it has the potential of causing global outbreak and severe disease s (United States Department of Health And Human Services, 2006). People have minimal immunity against flu infection and therefore the disease is transmitted quickly across an expansive geographic area. In the last century, devastating flu pandemics were reported in different parts of the globe. CDC (2006) estimated that over 43 million people in the world died from flu pandemics in the last 20th century alone. Some of the major flu pandemics included the 1918 Spanish flu, the Asian flu pandemic in 1957 and the Hong Kong Flu of 1968. Historical Perspective of the 1918 â€Å"Spanish Flu† Pandemic Before investigating the historical background of the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, it is important to interrogate the meanings of pandemic and influenza. Michael (1998;51) defines pandemic as an â€Å"epidemic of human ailment that occurs over a wide geographical area, crossing international boundaries and affecting large number of people†. There are different forms of pathogens t hat cause pandemics, including the current HIV/AIDS virus, influenza and in the past, the plague that infected and killed numerous people in the world around 14th century. Flu is the short form of influenza and it causes respiratory disorders in human beings. According to Barry (2004), the common symptoms of flu infection includes fever, muscle aches, cough and in rare circumstances, opportunistic infections such as pneumonia occurs in patients infected with the virus. Flu virus is one of the major causes of death and it affects people of all ages. Human beings are the primary hosts of the virus but it can also spread to domestic animals including horses, pigs and

Martin Luther King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay -- Martin Luthe

Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† is an excellent example of an effective argument; it was written in response to an editorial addressing the issue of Negro demonstrations and segregation in Alabama at the time. He writes in a way that makes his argument approachable; he is not attacking his opposition, which consists of eight Alabama clergymen who wrote the editorial. This is illustrated in his opening sentence: â€Å"My dear Fellow Clergymen† (464). King was an activist for civil rights during this time, and came to Alabama to help out his fellow brothers that were facing opposition. He was concerned with the monologue rather than dialogue that was going on during this time in Alabama; where each side would talk about the problem but never get together to negotiate and seek a solution. The clergymen’s editorial along with the unjust circumstances for Negroes at the time in Alabama was King’s driving force in writing this letter from his jail cell, and created an outline of a strong argument for many years to come. I have found through engaging in arguments with friends and in classes that a personal point comes across more clearly when you just present your point of view without condemning the other party. People are more likely to listen to a personal opinion or an opposing view of argument when there is no tension. Also, to the audience the argument becomes more credible when one is not attacking the opposing side. King knows that he is speaking to not only the white clergymen, but to the white moderates on a much larger scale. King addresses these moderates, saying that they are often times the most dangerous of his opposition, for at least the extremists know where they stand. He states: I have r... ... was diminished years ago? We read this because it is commonly said that â€Å"If we do not learn from history, then we are doomed to repeat it.† The racial issues are still not solved today; sexism and prejudices are evident in today’s society. King’s argument includes underlying truths that can be learned by all. Here is a man who was bold for his cause at a time that he could have, and was, killed for his beliefs; he stood up for what he thought was right, even if it was not popular at the time. Overall, King’s argument is still relevant to society and to times today, even if it is not exactly dealing with the same issues on the same level. Works Cited King, Martin Luther Jr. "Letter from Birmingham Jail." A World of Ideas: Essential Readings for College Writers. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus. Trans. Stephen Mitchell. 7th ed. New York: Bedford/St. Martins, 2006.

Coffee and Starbucks Corporation Essay

Acknowledgements: First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude to our faculty Ms. Nusrat Huq for her constant support and motivation, and we would also like to thank her for assigning a topic to our group that has been quite interesting to work with. We are immensely grateful to our friends and AIUB alumni who have been kind enough to share their knowledge with us. Last but not the least, our sincere gratitude goes to our respected families for their guidance and contribution in all aspects of our lives. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Among many other global coffee shops, Starbucks is the most popular. This article discusses the company’s internal and external environments, its corporate strategies, organization structures, how they can improve their quality, and where there is room for success.In 1971, three young entrepreneurs began the Starbucks Corporation in Seattle Washington. Their key goal was to sell whole coffee beans. Soon after, Starbucks began experiencing huge growth, opening five stores all of which had roasting facilities, sold coffee beans and room for local restaurants. In 1987, Howard Schultz bought Starbucks from its original owners for $4 million after expanding Starbucks by opening three coffee bars. These coffee bars were based on an idea that was originally proposed to the owner who recruited him into the corporation as manager of retail and marketing. Overall, Schultz strategy for Starbucks was to grow slow. Starbucks went on to suffer financial losses and overhead operating expenses rose as Starbucks continued its slow expansion process. Despite the initial financial troubles, Starbucks went on to expand to 870 stores by 1996. Sales increased 84%, which brought the corporation out of debt. With the growing success, Starbucks planned to open 2000 stores by year 2000.

Borders Are The Worst Invention Ever Made By Politicians...

The Problem â€Å"Borders are the worst invention ever made by politicians,† Jean-Claude Juncker, the European Commission president stated this while reflecting on globalization’s failed promise of borderless nations, and the creation of borders more rigid than ever (2016). Across the world, wall building has become the common political strategy used by nations who deem physical barriers as the only way to deal with difficult neighboring nations. The increasing fortification of borders as not just a political line, but as an established physical barrier, responds to the security and migration issues at a global level. Border walls are used for varying purposes, walls can separate opposing forces; often, they are used to make territorial claims; however the more problematic use, is the keep out unwanted groups. When the Berlin Wall fell nearly three decades ago, there were 16 border walls in the world; today the number is ever growing with over 70 completed border walls globally (Brunet-Jailly, 2016). Experts agree that walls do not address the root problems of security and migration, supported by the fact that global refugee applications and terrorist attacks have increased tremendously even though countries have walled themselves off; which leaves unanswered questions as to the real reason walls are still being built. Although building a wall has become a common political strategy in response to global concerns of security and migration, nations should consider the reasoningShow MoreRelatedHistorical Research On Popular Culture2343 Words   |  10 PagesBrandon Schwery Historical Research Paper Popular Culture 22 October 2014 Popular culture defines our country in many aspects. It is how we will be viewed by future generations, and how we view previous generations. 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